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By plowing, the natural structure of the soil is destroyed. Soil degradation due to erosion and compaction is probably the most important environmental problem in conventional agricultural methods. Conventional agriculture reduces the effect of soil carbon dioxide consumption, the amount of soil organic matter decreases.
Agriculture has made a lot of progress in recent decades, and one of the biggest advances is moving towards conservation agriculture and reducing tillage operations. Direct cultivation by increasing the amount of organic matter affects the stability and structure of the soil, water retention properties, biological activity and maintenance and exchange of nutrients. put The direct cultivation machine is designed and built with the aim of meeting the objectives of conservation agriculture. Direct cultivation means:
- Performing low tillage along with planting (direct placement of seeds in the soil)
- Mixing a small amount of soil (minimum soil destruction)
- Maintaining stable plant remains
- Placing the seed in the moisture layer of the soil and pressing the moist soil on the seed by pressing wheels.
- Putting the required fertilizer in the sown field.
- Reducing the amount of seed consumption and increasing the product efficiency per unit of cultivated area.
In arid and semi-arid areas of Iran, high surface evaporation in the time interval between harvesting and planting the next crop and the absence of organic matter in the surface layer of the soil causes the unstructured soils of these areas to harden to such an extent that if plowing operations are not performed, the furrow openers of grain machines The work and even the strong arms of the deep working machines cannot penetrate them. This has caused many of the working grain machines that are used to face the problem of penetration of the furrow opener, or applying a lot of force on the arms of the machine has caused the creation of a plowed surface layer. It has been found that the inefficiency of the planting machine can be considered as a limitation in adapting direct planting systems in low tillage and no tillage methods. Direct seeding machines in no-till systems must be able to cut the soil and pass the residue between the furrow openers' stems or minimize it, and make good contact between the seed and the soil. In this regard, Kesht Gostar Tabriz Company has designed and built a direct seeding machine in the direction of new mechanization technology, which is a product of the latest technology of the previous dryland deep seeding machine.
By placing plant residues on the soil surface, this machine prevents water and wind erosion and increases soil fertility, stability of production and maintaining soil moisture. The use of this machine reduces the cost of land preparation, saves time and cultivates the field on time. Saving energy and labor is also one of the other major advantages of this machine. By planting seeds directly in the soil, fertility, soil modification and regeneration increases and soil erosion is reduced. At the same time, compaction is reduced, water retention becomes easier, and it helps the growth of high-yielding crops. Direct cultivation reduces soil erosion by 60-90% and the quality of surface water increases by reducing sediments. Direct cultivation reduces more than 85% of oxidized nitrogen, more than 65% of soluble phosphate, all of which increase Water quality. Among the advantages of the direct cultivation method are:
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