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The main origin of Qaraborun sturgeon with the scientific name Acipenser persicus is in the coastal waters of Iran in the Caspian Sea, and for this reason, it is known as Persian sturgeon, which means black snout.
In terms of nutritional and economic value, it has undoubtedly the second rank in the world and has a longer lifespan compared to other species of strapfish. Its body is elongated and narrow, and its color is lighter than that of the Russian tasmahi. Its bony plates are less than that of Russian tasmahi, and its head length is more compact than the length of its body.
Karaburon fish is anadromous in the sense that it migrates from salt water to fresh water for spawning. This species prefers to live in warmer waters and although it is found throughout the Caspian Sea, its main density is in the waters of Iran and mainly in the cold seasons in the southern and southeastern part of the Caspian Sea. Its main food is molluscs, crustaceans, worms, cattle and some other bottom aquatic animals.
The average weight of males in nature is 23 to 24 kg and the females are 33.5 kg, and the average length of males is 156 cm and females are 175 cm for the fish that have migrated to the Kora River.
The average weight and length of females and males according to the Iranian Fisheries report in 1377 were 27.7 and 19.4 kg and 152.3 and 138.9 cm, respectively. Iranian tasmahi with a weight of 86 kg has also been caught.
The male Qaraburon fish in the sea matures at the age of 8 to 10 years and the females at the age of 10 to 12 years. The average caviar of each female is 5.22 kg and the maximum is 12.2 kg.
In the rearing environment, with proper temperature and nutrition, it matures at the age of 7 to 9 years and weighs 14 to 22 kg. The approximate length of the cultivated Qaraburon fish at maturity is about 130 cm, and its spawn rate is 12-15% of the fish's body weight.
Reasons such as overfishing by humans in order to obtain caviar and its meat, water pollution and the creation of dams that prevent fish from migrating to rivers for spawning, and other problems caused this fish to be on the red list in the last decade. Endangered species of the World Conservation Organization for Natural Resources (IUCN). Before this, the reproduction and breeding of this valuable species was included in the fisheries program in Iran in 1351 in order to prevent the reduction of its reserves and also for commercial purposes. Currently, its relative abundance is higher than other species.
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