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The biggest source of argon gas is air. Air contains about 0.93% by volume of argon gas. Crude argon will contain more than 5% oxygen removed from the primary air separation column through the secondary column. Argon is then purified to produce different purities. Also, crude argon may be recycled from the output of pure ammonia plant additions.
Applications of argon gas:
Argon is one of the common carrier gases in gas chromatography. Argon is also used as a carrier gas in sputtering, plasma etching, ion implantation, as well as an atmospheric coating in crystal growth.
Argon is a suitable gas for ICP spectroscopy.
One of the main uses of argon in its pure form or as a gas mixture is that it is used as an electric arc protector in welding.
Most Geiger counter lamps contain argon or a mixture of argon with organic vapors or other gases.
Argon-Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) is the most common stainless steel treatment method, and vast quantities are gasified and liquidized on-site through piping.
Argon is one of the main gases used in phosphorescent lamps, argon mixed with neon, helium and mercury vapor is used. Neon mixtures are used for thyratron radio tubes.
In the pharmaceutical industry, by using argon gas, it destroys the oxygen in the packaging of intravenous drugs and increases the expiration date of the drugs.
Liquid argon is used to destroy cancer cells.
Liquid argon is used as a refrigerant code R740 in gas mixtures for non-CFC applications with ultra-low temperature as a refrigerant.
It is used in excimer lasers mixed with fluorine and helium.
It is used as an insulating gas in multi-glazed windows with high efficiency and to improve thermal insulation.
In the iron and steel industry, steel and molten iron baths are used to prevent oxidation of alloys and molten metals and for degassing and desulfurization.
It is used as a shielding gas in the graphite furnace in atomic spectroscopy.
Often in a mixture with hydrogen as a protective atmosphere for the thermal behavior of some metals, especially metals that are prone to nitriding when a nitrogen-based atmosphere is present. This includes stainless steel and many other various specialized and therefore small-scale applications.
A combination with nitrogen is sometimes used to inflate air bags.
It is often used in combination with nitrogen or carbon dioxide as a clean fire extinguisher. The reason for this is that its neutral and ineffective properties do not harm any material during shutdown.
In the laboratory, it is used as a cleaning gas or a balance gas in gas mixtures.
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