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Converters that use overlapping pipes for cooling and heating are called double-pipe or double-pipe converters. The structure of these converters consists of two pipes inside each other, and usually this converter is used in applications where the fluid flow rate is low, or when the fluid passes through the converter, its speed decreases significantly and the possibility of sedimentation increases.
When the heat transfer coefficient of the fluid inside the pipe is greater than 2:1, for example, low viscosity liquids (low viscosity) such as water with a high heat transfer coefficient are inside the pipe and viscous liquids (high viscosity) are used outside. Usually, instead of using shell and tube converters, two-tube converters are used. Of course, in these cases, a long blade that increases the surface is used outside the pipe. Also, if high pressure services are required, tubular exchangers are preferably used.
These converters can also be used in small services. This type of converters consists of two coaxial tubes. One of the fluids will flow inside the middle tube and along its length, and the other fluid will flow inside the ring between the two tubes. When there is a difference in thermal expansion between the external and internal pipes, the type of connections for the input and output of fluids must be carefully selected to minimize thermal stress.
These systems have a lot of flexibility, they can be made in different lengths, from different types of pipes and from different materials, and they can be prepared quickly by mounting standard prefabricated parts. With the correct selection of fittings, its parts can be easily disassembled to clean the inside and outside of the pipes. Their design calculations have been carefully and well formulated. Fluid distribution can be controlled in different units. This work is possible by choosing separate pumps for each converter series.
Disadvantages of tube converters
The following are the main disadvantages of these converters:
1- For high thermal load, the double-tube exchanger system occupies a large volume.
2- Their price is relatively high for the unit of heat transfer surface.
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