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Absorption chillers are one of the types of cold production devices. This type of chillers work using distilled water and lithium bromide.
Absorption chillers have different parts that we mention below:
condenser
generator
operator
absorber
pump
Cool down
The output of absorption chiller systems is cold water at a temperature of about 5 to 10 degrees Celsius.
This water can be used to cool the environment.
How absorption chillers work
In absorption systems, a thermal compressor (including generator, absorber, pump and heat exchanger) is used to boil the refrigerant in an area of lithium bromide solution and compress the refrigerant vapor at high pressure. Increasing the refrigerant pressure also increases the condensation temperature, which means that the refrigerant vapor turns into a liquid at a higher temperature and pressure. Since the condensing temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, heat is transferred from the condenser to the ambient. After passing through a valve, the high pressure liquid is reduced in pressure and the boiling point is lowered as the pressure continues to decrease. Then this low pressure liquid enters the evaporator and boils. Since the boiling temperature is now lower than the air temperature, heat is transferred from the air to the refrigerant and the refrigerant boils and the air itself cools.
Refrigerant vapor enters the absorber again, where it is heated by lithium bromide and condensed. Lithium bromide is diluted by absorbing heat and pumped to the generator; Since this solution does not boil, by adding heat, part of the solution evaporates and is easily separated from it, and pure lithium bromide enters the absorber again, and this process is always repeated.
Types of absorption chillers
Absorption chillers either use steam as an energy source or provide this energy from the heat of hot water, but today a new series of absorption chillers has been introduced in the market, which are known as direct flame absorption chillers. This type of chiller has a burner installed on it and uses the heat of this burner as a generator. Direct flame chillers also have disadvantages.
In central heating and air conditioning systems, the boiler used for heating the building is usually used to play the role of generator for these chillers.
Steam engine houses are one of the most common types of central heating and air conditioning systems, which also have compression chillers to provide both heating and cooling of the building.
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