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Metronidazole is a drug nitroimidazole anti-protozoa Drug of choice for Amebiasis extraintestinal the drug trophozoite of (but not cysts) E Histolitica destroy Kndtasyr on intestinal parasites not reliable and thus to ensure the removal of infection should be Along with an enteric anesthetic. Metronidazole effectively eradicates infections in the intestinal and intestinal tissues. It has a strong antibacterial activity against anaerobes, including clostridium and bactetraids. A medication to treat Giardia and Tricomonna. Metronidazole is selectively picked up by anaerobic bacteria and some protozoans. It is regenerated to non-enzymes with the aid of anionic antimicrobials to be recovered from the reaction with fructoxin. The product of this regeneration process is the formation of toxic substances for anaerobic cell, and their selective accumulation in anaerobic bacteria is provided. The entry of metronidazole metabolites into the DNA molecule causes them instability. This effect occurs only when metronidazole is relatively restored, and since the metronidazole recovery process usually occurs only in anaerobic cells, it has a modest effect on human cells or aerobic bacteria.
Metronidazole is well absorbed after oral administration, is widely absorbed and diffused by simple diffusion into all tissues. The highest concentration of serum is achieved within 1-3 hours. The protein binding is small (between 10% and 20%). . After a 250 mg oral dose, it reaches a serum level of 4-6 nanograms per ml. The shelf life of the unmodified drug is 7.5 hours. . Metronidazole is metabolized in the liver. Metabolites are mainly excreted in the urine. Metronidazole plasma colonization is reduced in patients with liver dysfunction. In case of liver insufficiency, it may accumulate. Dosobodid should be moderated in severe renal insufficiency. In patients, this drug is well absorbed in the cerebrospinal fluid and muscle. It reaches a similar level of concentration.
Cases and Consumption:
Oral or intravenous (mg / kg / d30). Vaginitis may respond to a single dose of 2 grams. Mild to moderate intestinal infections and 750 mg three times a day for 10 days. For the liver abscess, amniotic fluid and other extra-intestinal diseases are 750 mg three times a day for 10 days. The dose required for Giardia is much less than amoebic, and is therefore better tolerated. Its efficacy after a therapeutic course is about 90%. Metronidazole is a selective treatment for Trichomonas, with a single dose of 2 grams effective. Treatment-resistant organisms may cause treatment failure.
side effects:
Side effects include nausea, headache, dry mouth, metallic taste sensations common or uncommon side Hstnd.varz include vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, and if long-term treatment of peripheral neuropathy, insomnia, weakness, dizziness, oral thrush, rash, burning urination, Dilated urine, gonadotropin, thrombocytopenic, medication with food reduces digestive complications. Pancreatitis and severe CNS complications (ataxia, encephalopathy, seizure) are rare. Patients with central nervous system disease should administer the medicine with caution. Metronidazole has a dyslipidemic effect and should help patients avoid drinking alcohol. Metronidazole has been reported to exacerbate the effects of Coumadini's anticoagulants. Phenobarbital and phenytoin may accelerate drug removal, while cimetidine may reduce plasma clearance. Co-administration with Aprenavir also increases the risk of disulfiram-like reactions.
Consumption in pregnancy and lactation:
Although metronidazole is teratogenic in some animals. Metronidazole teratogenicity data are conflicting. Therefore, it is better to avoid metronidazole in pregnant or breast-feeding women. However, the association of embryonic anomalies with metronidazole has not been established in humans.
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