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Indications
Foods containing calcium are used to reduce calcium in diseases such as chronic parathyroid obesity, bone softness, rash, and some secondary calcium in the blood after anticonvulsive medications. If a chronic low blood potassium is due to vitamin D deficiency, calcium dietary salts will be consumed as a supplement in people who do not receive enough calcium, as well as as a drug for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
The mechanism of the work
Calcium is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous, muscular and vasculitis system. Calcium plays an important role in the normal functioning of the heart, kidneys, respiration, blood coagulation and permeability of capillaries and cell membranes. Calcium also helps regulate the release and storage of nerve carriers and hormones, removes and binds amino acids, absorbs vitamin B12 and secretes gastrin.
Warnings
Calcium containing products should be used with caution in cases of dehydration or imbalance of other electrolytes, history of kidney stones, chronic kidney failure, heart failure, and ventricular fibrillation during cardiac remission. 2. During the treatment of excessive calcium deficiency, serum calcium intake at regular intervals is essential.
Pharmacokinetics
Approximately 30-20% of calcium is absorbed in the small intestine, which depends on the presence of vitamin D metabolites, intestinal pH, and dietary factors such as calcium transplantation to phytates and fibers. Calcium absorption is increased in the presence of calcium deficiency or in patients receiving low calcium intake and decreases in patients with stomach acid deficiency or deficiency. The calcium binding to plasma protein is approximately 45%. 20% of calcium is excreted through the kidney and 80% is excreted through feces
prohibited usage
Calcium containing products in the primary or secondary calcium of the blood, urine calcium intake, calcium stones in the kidney, sarcoidosis, and digital toxicity should not be consumed.
side effects
Mild disorders of the digestive tract with oral intake and bradycardia, arrhythmias and irritation after intravenous injection are important side effects of calcium salts. Reduced blood pressure, flutter or heat sensation, irregular heartbeat, nausea or vomiting, redness of the skin, pain or burning at the injection site, sweating, sagging, and low blood pressure have been reported with calcium salts injections.
Drug interactions
Concomitant intake of other calcium containing products with these drugs may increase serum calcium concentrations, especially in patients with renal impairment. Concomitant intake of calcium with digoxin may increase the risk of developing arrhythmia. Injectable salts of calcium may neutralize the effects of injectable magnesium sulfate. Also, in the case of mixing calcium with magnesium sulfate, it is possible to precipitate calcium sulfate. The bioavailability of phenytoin and calcium decreases due to the possible formation of a non-absorbable complex. The absorption of oral tetracyclines may be reduced due to the formation of inaccessible complexes and increased intra-gastric pH
Tips are advisable
The tablets should be taken 1-5 hours after eating. 2- If possible, use of these drugs should be avoided within 1-2 hours after taking other oral medications. 3- Co-administration of other products containing calcium, phosphate, magnesium or vitamin D should be avoided. 4- Consumption of these medicines with food containing fiber and cereals at the same time should be avoided. 5. In order to meet calcium daily requirements, a proper diet should be preferred to calcium supplements. 6. If needed, taking vitamin D is sufficient and exposure to sunlight is recommended to increase calcium intake. 7. In order to prevent the increase in calcium concentration in the blood and cardiac arrest, the drug should be slowly injected intravenously. 8- Side effects are often due to rapid intravenous injection. With the appearance of disturbances in the electrocardiogram and the patient's discomfort, the injection of the drug should be temporarily discontinued and continue after normalizing the waves and relieving the patient's discomfort.
Dosage
Permissible amounts of calcium per day are as follows: Infants and children under the age of 3 years: 800-400 mg, children between 10-4 years of age: 800 mg, adolescents and adults: 1200-800 mg. Warm, pregnant and lactating women: 1200 mg. Oral: The above values are used to prevent low calcium intake from the diet. As a small amount of calcium intake, the dosage should be determined by the physician based on the severity of calcium deficiency in each patient. Injections: To reduce the amount of calcium in your blood, the dosage is determined based on the patient's need and intravenous infusion. In the treatment of low blood calcium and electrolyte supply, about 1 g of calcium gluconate is slowly injected at a rate of up to 5 ml / min, and, if necessary, can be repeated until tetany is controlled. The As a potassium or magnesium lowering agent, 1-2 grams are slowly injected at a rate of up to 5 ml / min. During treatment, the drug should be adjusted based on regular follow-up of the patient's condition by electrocardiogram
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